Human papillomavirus (HPV) produces epithelial tumors of the skin in several anatomical areas and and mucous membranes. In the first global meta-analysis of case-control studies investigating the role of HPV in esophageal carcinoma, HPV was associated with a threefold greater chance of esophageal cancer.

Anogenital warts, cervical infections and even common cutaneous warts (verruca vulgaris) should be timely and correctly diagnosed. Missing a diagnosis is likely to cause confusion of one condition for a much more dangerous one, delay appropriate therapy and may lead to needless morbidity or even mortality.

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